急诊科护士掌握急救知识和技能的现状分析及对策

目的了解急诊科护士对急救知识、技能的获取途径、掌握现状及学习需求 ,探讨影响其业务素质的因素以及对急诊科护士进行继续教育的意义和实施方法。方法采用问卷调查法对上海市 9所医院 2 82名急诊科护士进行调查 ,统计处理用Excel和SAS软件包进行。结果急诊护士的平均知识得分为 71 .95± 1 0 .75 ,但作为急诊中坚力量的年轻护士平均知识得分不尽如意 ,说明急诊科护士整体素质有待于进一步提高 ,原因可能与缺乏系统的岗位培训有关。不同级别医院知识得分差异不显著。结论急诊科护士急救知识技能的总体水平需进一步提高 ,低护龄护士毕业后教育工作应引起高度重视。急诊科护士的继续教育应结合医院实际、针对薄弱环节开展     

Knowledge of Jordanian mothers with regards to emergency management of dental trauma

Abstract –  Studies in Jordan indicated that delay in seeking emergency management of dental trauma leads to unfavorable outcome of even mild forms of trauma. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess, by means of a structured questionnaire, the level of general knowledge of mothers in Jordan with regards to the immediate emergency management of dental trauma, and its relation to socioeconomic variables. The questionnaire surveyed mothers' demographic data, basic knowledge of immediate management of tooth fracture, avulsion, and loss of consciousness. It also investigated the participants self assessed knowledge, attitude to public education, and knowledge of availability and priority of emergency services for trauma in Jordan. The sample consisted of 2215 mothers who attended mother and child care centers in the capital Amman, and in Irbid (the second largest city in Jordan) over a period of 3 months (July to September, 2003). Overall the participants' basic knowledge with regards to the emergency management of the trauma cases presented in the questionnaire was deficient regardless of age, level of education, socioeconomic class, or number of previous encounters with dental trauma. Generally, the attitude to public education on the topic was positive and chi-square test indicated that the level of education of mothers positively affected their knowledge of 'during working hour' emergency services and the importance of immediate management of dental trauma. Educational programs that can be added to the mother and child care advice protocols may help improve the knowledge and awareness of mothers and therefore improve the outcomes of dental trauma.     

深圳某社区娱乐场所女性从业人员艾滋病/性病认知现状分析

目的：了解深圳市社区娱乐场所女性从业人员艾滋病/性病知识水平，为政府决策提供参考依据，以实施有效的干预。方法：收集整理某社区娱乐场所265名女性从业人员艾滋病／性病知识问卷，并进行统计学分析。结果：娱乐场所从业人员大部分未婚为主，高中／中专文化程度，来自农村，93．6％听说过艾滋病，70．6％认为“艾滋病病毒感染者无症状也能传染”。从业人员对淋病、梅毒、艾滋病有较高的认知率，但对尖锐湿疣、生殖器疱疹、非淋菌性尿道炎及软下疳等认知率较低；大部分了解艾滋病的三条传播途径，但对日常生活不传播艾滋病存在着认识误区；72．5％的从业人员知道正确使用安全套能有效预防艾滋病，但实际安全套使用率低；接受过艾滋病病毒检测的仅占6.8％；生殖器部位异常时，77．4％会选择去公立医院或国家指定的专科医疗机构看医生。结论：社区娱乐场所女性从业人员艾滋病／性病的知识欠缺，导致安全套的使用率低，在社区娱乐场所广泛开展有针对性的艾滋病／性病健康教育，促进安全性行为，倡导正确的求医，有效地预防艾滋病／性病的流行。     

Spanish dental students knowledge of oral malignancy and premalignancy

Background : In view of the gradual rise in oral malignancy in Europe, there is an increased need for undergraduate dental students to have some appropriate training in the recognition of the signs and symptoms of oral premalignancy and malignancy, and be aware of the appropriate early management of patients with such oral lesions. The present study outlines the results of a pilot study to determine the knowledge and awareness of a cohort of undergraduate dental students in Spain regarding the management of oral premalignancy and malignancy. Method : In March 1997 a self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) addressing student's knowledge, opinions, and related aspects of screening and detection of oral malignancy and premalignancy, was mailed to 200 undergraduate dental students in two Spanish Universities. The present report details the responses of this cohort of undergraduates. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the χ² test and the results were considered significant when P<0.05. Results : 37.0% of the respondents were male and 63.0% female. Almost all of the respondents (99.0%) had attended general dental congresses and 81.5% had attended specific courses on oral malignancy and premalignancy. Only 20% of undergraduate students had witnessed at least one patient with oral malignancy. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most frequently observed (94.4%) oral tumour. 79% of the respondents had examined or witnessed at least one patient with a potentially malignant lesion. Leukoplakias were the most commonly observed (80.0%) premalignant lesions. 5th year students were more likely to have performed a biopsy than 4th year students (P<0.05), particularly male students (P<0.005). 40.0% of respondents believed that the lower lip was the most common site of an oral cancer; almost half realised that a tumour could have a speckled appearance. 79% to 82% of the respondents indicated that tobacco and alcohol were the principal causes of oral SCC, but 34.6% suggested that HIV disease was a risk factor for oral SCC. Almost all respondents routinely recorded the tobacco or alcohol consumption of patients and would offer advice to patients regarding modification of these habits. 64.0% of undergraduates suggested that clinical screening at intervals of 6 to 12 months was an effective means of diagnosing oral premalignant and malignant lesions, and almost all considered oral health promotion to be an effective means of reducing oral cancer mortality. Conclusions : Undergraduate dental students in Spain have limited clinical experience or knowledge of related aspects of oral premalignant and malignant lesions, and they may fail to recognise appropriate signs and symptoms and aetiological factors of such disease.     

Nursing practice draws upon several different ways of knowing

? This paper explores the proposition that nursing practice draws upon several different ways of knowing. ? It highlights difficulties often faced by practising nurses in defining what they do and hence what it is that constitutes nursing practice. ? Following formal definition and analysis of sources of literature regarding nursing knowledge, issues such as the origins of knowledge and the sources of nursing knowledge are addressed. ? The types of knowledge required to enhance nursing practice are discussed, focusing upon future opportunities and innovations in the generation of knowledge for nursing. ? Finally, recommendations are made regarding the way forward for nurses endeavouring to communicate the complexities of nursing practice.     

Evidence-based everything

Academic medicine often seems to be swayed more by fashion than science. Establishment team consensus is only needed where there is ambiguity. Evidence-based medicine is a new term for informed decision making and facilitated learning is purported to do away with authoritarian indoctrination. Problems that arise from the emphasis on team decisions, evidence-based medicine and facilitated learning are discussed.     

孕妇孕期保健知识现状及需求的调查与分析

目的：发现目前孕期保健存在的问题。方法：对孕妇一般情况现状及与妊娠有关知识获得来源进行调查与分析。结果：孕妇一般情况显示出具备接受各种知识的能力与心理准备；各种护理小儿的技术准备明显不足；孕妇有关知识获得来源为书籍。结论：对孕妇的孕期保健内容与形式需要进行调整，应对孕妇进行新生儿保健知识和护理技术的培训。     

Nutrition knowledge of clinic nurses in Lebowa, South Africa: implications for nutrition services delivery

Background: Nutrition-related health problems are prevalent in South Africa, particularly in the black communities in the Homelands and black rural areas. Lebowa, one of the Homelands in the Northern Transvaal province, has inadequate nutrition services, without qualified nutrition professionals. The responsibility of nutrition care in Lebowa rests with clinic or community health nurses, who have limited nutrition training.
Aim: To determine the current nutrition knowledge of clinic nurses in Lebowa.
Method: Clinic nurses ( n =99) in Lebowa answered a 40-item nutrition knowledge test (NKT) and five demographic questions.
Results: The general performance of the clinic nurses on the NKT was poor, 14±3.8 (35%) answers correct, with scores ranging from 4 to 25 (10% to 63%) answers correct.
Conclusion: Considering the responsibility the nurses are entrusted with regarding nutrition care, the current nutrition knowledge of clinic nurses is a cause for concern. The results of this study provide a basis for nutrition education efforts directed at community health nurses.     

Awareness, knowledge and attitudes to basal cell carcinoma and actinic keratoses among the general public within Europe

OBJECTIVE: As the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is reported to be increasing in Europe, the objective of this survey was to establish the general population's awareness and knowledge of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and actinic keratoses (AK) within five European countries. METHODS: A total of 1500 individuals from the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Germany and Spain were randomly selected to participate in the study. In a 10-minute structured telephone interview respondents answered questions on skin cancer and BCC and AK. RESULTS: Overall, 46% of respondents were concerned about skin cancer. Even though the majority of respondents believed there was a correlation between skin cancer and the sun or overexposure to sunlight, nearly a third of the surveyed population rarely or never used sunscreen when outdoors. In general there was a low level of awareness about BCC and AK, with only 22% and 6% of respondents, respectively, being aware of the conditions. CONCLUSION: There is a need to increase the awareness of skin cancer and safe sun practices among the European population.